[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/veda-je-zivot\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/veda-je-zivot\/","headline":"V\u011bda je \u017eivot","name":"V\u011bda je \u017eivot","description":"Dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 stolet\u00ed bylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no fyzice. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti byly objeveny d\u00edky v\u00e1lky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017eily vysv\u011btlen\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed nest\u00e1l\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si klepete na hlavu k\u00a0\u010demu je to dobr\u00e9. Ur\u010dit\u011b stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e kup\u0159\u00edkladu uheln\u00e9 a jejich odpadn\u00edch produkt\u016f je podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Jadern\u00e9 reaktory jsou super v\u011bc, ale kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edme […]","datePublished":"2019-09-09","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"prolek.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355007_w3728_t1569482605.png","url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355007_w3728_t1569482605.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/veda-je-zivot\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":479,"articleBody":"Dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 stolet\u00ed bylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no fyzice. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti byly objeveny d\u00edky v\u00e1lky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017eily vysv\u011btlen\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed nest\u00e1l\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si klepete na hlavu k\u00a0\u010demu je to dobr\u00e9. Ur\u010dit\u011b stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e kup\u0159\u00edkladu uheln\u00e9 a jejich odpadn\u00edch produkt\u016f je podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Jadern\u00e9 reaktory jsou super v\u011bc, ale kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edme slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jde n\u00e1m mr\u00e1z o z\u00e1dech. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u011bc m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody.Zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159ineslo ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd rozvoj technologi\u00ed, jak chemick\u00fdch tak i fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch. Kdy\u017e se sv\u011bt vzpamatoval, za\u010dali se v\u011bdci zab\u00fdvat v\u00edce lidsk\u00fdm t\u011blem. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed poznatky ohledn\u011b kinematiky, dynamiky, elekt\u0159iny a podobn\u011b m\u011bli zakotven\u00e9 ve sv\u00fdch mozc\u00edch. Prvky byly d\u00edky Mend\u011blejeva p\u0159eps\u00e1ny do grafick\u00e9 podoby jeho z\u00e1kona. A tak to v\u0161echno za\u010dalo.Za\u010d\u00e1tkem dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho stolet\u00ed byly zvol\u00e1v\u00e1ny ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se genetiky. Mnoha z\u00a0n\u00e1s neznal\u00fdch se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee prom\u011bnlivost \u010di variabilita se neodv\u00edj\u00ed od toho, kdo se pod\u00edlel na na\u0161em stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Opak je pravdou. D\u016fkazem je d\u011bj s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201ecrossing over\u201c prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i karyokinezi, tedy jadern\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed. Pohlavn\u00ed bu\u0148ky obsahuj\u00ed chromozomy, jeden otc\u016fv a druh\u00fd mat\u010din. Tyto chromozomy se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0dvou chromatid. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu si vezm\u011bte dv\u011b ty\u010dinky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edte a vznikne V\u00e1m p\u00edsmeno X. D\u00e1le budeme pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0popisu genetick\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti tak, \u017ee ulom\u00edme kousek konc\u016f ty\u010dinek a vym\u011bn\u00edm je mezi sebou. A takto to funguje. Pouze do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed chromatid a k\u00a0p\u0159ek\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mat\u010din\u00fdch a otcovsk\u00fdch znak\u016f.V\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli zajist\u00e9 pochop\u00edte, pro\u010d blon\u010fat\u00e1 rovnovlas\u00e1 \u017eena a jej\u00ed mu\u017e s\u00a0\u010dern\u00fdmi kudrnat\u00fdmi vlasy zplod\u00ed kudrnatou blond\u00fdnu. Je to zjevn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno v\u00fdm\u011bnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed chromatid v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011blen\u00ed.Tyto zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jevy se ned\u011bj\u00ed pouze p\u0159i vzniku nov\u00e9ho potomka. M\u016f\u017eeme je pozorovat nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i tvorb\u011b mu\u017esk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch bun\u011bk, spermi\u00ed. U \u017een je to m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, jeliko\u017e \u017eensk\u00e9 pohlavn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a tedy vaj\u00ed\u010dka jsou vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 ji\u017e oded\u00e1vna.V\u011bda a specificky molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie je okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed, av\u0161ak m\u00e1lo prozkouman\u00e1. A proto m\u016f\u017eeme od v\u011bdc\u016f sl\u00fdchat citace typu: \u201e Nobelova cena je velmi dobr\u00e1 pro v\u011bdu, ale ne pro v\u011bdce.\u201c                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"V\u011bda je \u017eivot","item":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/veda-je-zivot\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]