[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/jaky-vliv-mela-na-vyvoj-cloveka-mluvena-rec\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/jaky-vliv-mela-na-vyvoj-cloveka-mluvena-rec\/","headline":"Jak\u00fd vliv m\u011bla na v\u00fdvoj \u010dlov\u011bka mluven\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d","name":"Jak\u00fd vliv m\u011bla na v\u00fdvoj \u010dlov\u011bka mluven\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d","description":"Jednou z\u00a0vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161uje od ostatn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, je schopnost mluvit. Jist\u011b, existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u010d maj\u00ed i zp\u011bvn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kytovci, ze suchozemsk\u00fdch savc\u016f v\u0161ak byla \u010dist\u011b vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace pozorov\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b jen a pouze u \u010dlov\u011bka. Co si v\u0161ak neuv\u011bdomujeme, je to, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj \u0159e\u010di zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0tomu, jak vlastn\u011b vypad\u00e1me. […]","datePublished":"2024-05-30","dateModified":"2024-05-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"prolek.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/evoluce2_9.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/evoluce2_9.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.prolek.cz\/jaky-vliv-mela-na-vyvoj-cloveka-mluvena-rec\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":426,"articleBody":"Jednou z\u00a0vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161uje od ostatn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, je schopnost mluvit. Jist\u011b, existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u010d maj\u00ed i zp\u011bvn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kytovci, ze suchozemsk\u00fdch savc\u016f v\u0161ak byla \u010dist\u011b vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace pozorov\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b jen a pouze u \u010dlov\u011bka. Co si v\u0161ak neuv\u011bdomujeme, je to, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj \u0159e\u010di zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0tomu, jak vlastn\u011b vypad\u00e1me.\u00a0Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee dokonce ani ostatn\u00ed prim\u00e1ti, a to ani n\u00e1m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161impanzi, nedovedou ani p\u0159i nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u016fli imitovat lidskou \u0159e\u010d. Chyb\u00ed jim k\u00a0tomu jednak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 hlasivky, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i tvar pusy. Ten je u \u010dlov\u011bka jedine\u010dn\u00fdm, a je pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fdsledkem toho, \u017ee jsme mezi sebou za\u010dali mluvit.\u00a0\u00a0Jak se n\u00e1\u0161 mozek vyv\u00edjel, tou\u017eili jsme si mezi sebou p\u0159ed\u00e1vat i v\u00edce abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161lenky. K\u00a0t\u011bm n\u00e1m v\u0161ak ji\u017e jednoduch\u00e9 zvuky a gesta nesta\u010dily. Bylo nutn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vat jin\u00e9, komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvuky, co\u017e si vy\u017eadovalo od evoluce \u00fapravu na\u0161eho mluv\u00edc\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pak pusy.\u00a0Ta se n\u00e1m zmen\u0161ila a zkr\u00e1tila, zmen\u0161ily se n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 zuby. Zm\u011bnily se trochu i hlasivky, kter\u00e9 byli nyn\u00ed schopn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vat i komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u00f3ny. D\u00edky tomu v\u0161emu jsme pak mohli za\u010d\u00edt mluvit tak, jak jsme tomu zvykl\u00ed dodnes. Ov\u0161em je pravdou, \u017ee za schopnost \u0159e\u010di jsme museli zaplatit.\u00a0\u00a0Pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u0161e krat\u0161\u00ed pusa a horn\u00ed patro n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed mnohem n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k\u00a0zalknut\u00ed. Jsme proto v\u00a0podstat\u011b jedin\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm druhem, pro kter\u00e9 je to skute\u010dnou a re\u00e1lnou hrozbou. Pokud nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad brachycefalick\u00e1 plemena ps\u016f, u kter\u00fdch byl kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010dum\u00e1k z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vy\u0161lecht\u011bn, pak n\u00e1m na\u0161e schopnost mluvit p\u0159inesla i dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my.\u00a0Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed i slab\u0161\u00ed \u017ev\u00fdkac\u00ed svaly a men\u0161\u00ed zuby. Velk\u00e9 a masivn\u00ed, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161impanzi, jsou zde toti\u017e sp\u00ed\u0161e na obt\u00ed\u017e. Nen\u00ed pak divu, \u017ee jsme za\u010dali mluvit kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, co jsme objevili vyu\u017eit\u00ed ohn\u011b a za\u010dali svou potravu va\u0159it. Ob\u011btovali jsme je tomu, abychom dok\u00e1zali \u0159e\u010d\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it prakticky v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujeme. A to jen ukazuje, jak je \u0159e\u010d pro \u010dlov\u011bka d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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